序言 Preamble
我们，中华自由共和国的人民，为了建立一个自由、公正、民主、法治的国家，保障全体国民的基本人权，确保政府权力的合法性、透明性与可问责性，制止一切形式的专制暴政，制定本宪法。
We, the People of the Free Republic of China, in order to establish a nation of liberty, justice, democracy, and the rule of law, to secure the fundamental rights of all citizens, to ensure the legitimacy, transparency, and accountability of government power, and to prevent all forms of tyranny and despotism, do hereby establish this Constitution.
第一章：国家基本原则
Chapter I: Fundamental Principles of the Nation
- 中华自由共和国为主权在民的民主共和国。The Free Republic of China is a democratic republic with sovereignty residing in the people.
- 国家的一切权力属于人民。All power of the state derives from the people.
- 国家实行宪政民主制度，保障人权、法治与分权制衡。The state practices constitutional democracy, ensuring human rights, the rule of law, and the separation of powers.
- 国家元首、议会、法院、军队均受宪法制约。The head of state, legislature, judiciary, and military are all subject to constitutional constraints.
- 本宪法为国家最高法律，任何组织或个人不得超越宪法。This Constitution is the supreme law of the nation; no organization or individual may act above it.
第二章：公民基本权利
Chapter II: Fundamental Rights of Citizens
- 人身自由权：不受非法拘禁、酷刑或秘密审判。Right to personal liberty: protection from arbitrary detention, torture, or secret trial.
- 言论、出版、结社、集会、游行示威自由。Freedom of speech, press, association, assembly, and protest.
- 宗教信仰自由。Freedom of religion and belief.
- 选举与被选举权：年满18岁即享有投票权。Right to vote and to be elected: all citizens aged 18 or above are entitled to vote.
- 隐私权、通讯自由、财产权、迁徙自由。Right to privacy, freedom of communication, property rights, and freedom of movement.
- 受教育权、社会保障权、环境权。Right to education, social security, and a healthy environment.
- 司法平等权：所有人一律平等，受公平审判。Equality before the law: all citizens are entitled to equal treatment and fair trial.
- 监督政府权：包括信息公开请求权、罢免权、公民诉讼权。Right to oversee government: including right to access public information, initiate recall, and file citizen lawsuits.
第三章：政体结构与权力分立
Chapter III: Government Structure and Separation of Powers
第一节：立法权
Section 1: Legislative Power
- 全国议会为国家最高立法机构，由全民直选组成两院。The National Assembly is the highest legislative body, elected by universal suffrage and composed of two chambers.
- 上院代表各省， 下院按人口比例设议员。The upper house represents provinces; the lower house represents the population proportionally.
- 议会有权制定法律、审查预算、监督行政、批准任命。Parliament has the power to legislate, review budgets, oversee the executive, and confirm appointments.
第二节：行政权
Section 2: Executive Power
- 总统由全国直选，任期四年，可连任一次。The President is directly elected by the people, serves a four-year term, and may be re-elected once.
- 总统为国家元首与政府首脑，负责外交、国防与部长任命。The President is both the head of state and government, responsible for foreign affairs, defense, and appointing ministers.
第三节：司法权
Section 3: Judicial Power
- 设立宪法法院与最高法院，保障司法独立。A Constitutional Court and a Supreme Court shall be established to ensure judicial independence.
- 法官经总统提名、议会批准，终身任职，可依法罢免。Judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by Parliament, serve for life, and may be removed by law.
- 宪法法院拥有违宪审查权。The Constitutional Court holds the power of judicial review.
第四章：地方自治与联邦结构
Chapter IV: Local Autonomy and Federal Structure
- 国家为联邦制结构，设省、州、市等三级地方政府。The nation adopts a federal system with provincial, state, and municipal governments.
- 地方政府享有立法与财政自治权。Local governments enjoy legislative and fiscal autonomy.
- 地方官员由本地居民直选产生。Local officials are elected directly by the local populace.
第五章：军队国家化与国家安全
Chapter V: Nationalized Military and State Security
- 军队国家化、非党化，不得用于党派目的。The military is nationalized and nonpartisan, and may not serve any political party.
- 军队受民选政府指挥，不得干预政治。The armed forces are under the command of the elected government and must not interfere in politics.
- 国家安全机构受立法和司法监督，依法运作。National security agencies are subject to legislative and judicial oversight and operate under the law.
第六章：选举与政党制度
Chapter VI: Elections and Political Parties
- 建立独立选举委员会，保障自由公正选举。An independent Election Commission shall ensure free and fair elections.
- 政党依法注册，享有平等参政权。Political parties shall be legally registered and enjoy equal rights to participate in politics.
- 禁止任何形式的贿选、威胁或舞弊行为。All forms of bribery, coercion, or electoral fraud are strictly prohibited.
第七章：新闻自由与媒体责任
Chapter VII: Freedom of the Press and Media Responsibility
- 新闻出版自由受宪法保障。Freedom of the press and publication is constitutionally protected.
- 国家不得设立宣传部门，不得干预媒体运作。The state shall not establish propaganda departments or interfere with media operations.
- 公共媒体需代表多元声音，防止垄断与偏见。Public media shall represent diverse perspectives and guard against monopoly and bias.
第八章：宪法监督与修宪机制
Chapter VIII: Constitutional Oversight and Amendment Process
- 设立宪法监督委员会，负责宪法实施的合宪审查。A Constitutional Oversight Committee shall be established to ensure compliance with the Constitution.
- 宪法修改须经三分之二议员通过并全民公投批准。Amendments require a two-thirds vote in Parliament and approval by national referendum.
- 国家紧急状态不得成为暂停宪法之理由。No state of emergency may justify the suspension of the Constitution.
第九章：过渡正义与历史清算
Chapter IX: Transitional Justice and Historical Accountability
- 成立“真相与和解委员会”，调查专制时期人权迫害。A Truth and Reconciliation Commission shall investigate human rights abuses under past tyranny.
- 追责严重侵犯人权者，给予受害者赔偿与公开道歉。Those responsible for grave violations shall be held accountable; victims shall receive reparations and public apologies.
第十章：附则
Chapter X: Final Provisions
所有与本宪法相冲突的旧法令自动废止。All previous laws and regulations inconsistent with this Constitution are hereby annulled.
本宪法自全民公投通过之日起施行。This Constitution shall take effect upon approval by national referendum.
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